Suburban rail, urban rail, commuter rail, or regional rail, plays a major role in the public transport system of many of India's major cities. Suburban rail is defined as a rail service between a central business district and suburbs, a conurbation
or other locations that draw large numbers of people on a daily basis.
The trains providing such services may be termed suburban trains.
Suburban rail in India operates on lines shared with other passenger and freight trains (like the Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway) or a combination of dedicated suburban lines and lines for long distance trains (like the Mumbai Suburban Railway). The infrastructure in India is owned by Indian Railways and usually operated by one or more of the railway zones of Indian Railways.
In some cities of India, the opening of rapid transit systems have led to a decline in use of the Suburban rail system.
Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are mostly electric multiple units. They usually have nine or twelve coaches and sometimes even fifteen to handle rush hour traffic.
One unit of an EMU train consists of one power car and two general coaches. Thus a nine coach EMU is made up of three units having one power car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in some of the suburban rails run on direct current and others on alternating current.
A suburban rail system is planned for Ahmedabad and Bangalore.
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| Mumbai's suburban trains handle 6.3 million commuters daily |
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| Chennai MRTS |
Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are mostly electric multiple units. They usually have nine or twelve coaches and sometimes even fifteen to handle rush hour traffic.
One unit of an EMU train consists of one power car and two general coaches. Thus a nine coach EMU is made up of three units having one power car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in some of the suburban rails run on direct current and others on alternating current.
Systems
Many cities have their own dedicated suburban networks to cater to commuters. Currently, suburban networks operate in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Barabanki-Lucknow and Lucknow-Kanpur. The suburban rail systems in Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pune, Barabanki-Lucknow and Lucknow-Kanpur do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share the tracks with long distance trains.A suburban rail system is planned for Ahmedabad and Bangalore.
| System | Local Name | City | Opening Year | No of Lines | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chennai Suburban Railway | சென்னை புறநகர் இருப்புவழி | Chennai | 1931 | 6 lines | Broad gauge |
| Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway | बाराबंकी लखनऊ उपनगरीय रेलवे بارا بنکی لکھنؤ اپنگریی ریلوے |
Barabanki Lucknow |
2 lines | Broad gauge | |
| Delhi Suburban Railway | दिल्ली उपनगरीय रेल्वे | Delhi | 1982 | Broad gauge | |
| Mumbai Suburban Railway | मुंबई उपनगरीय रेल्वे | Mumbai Metropolitan Region | 1857 | 3 lines | Broad gauge |
| Kolkata Suburban Railway | কলকাতা শহরতলি রেল | Kolkata | 1854 | 3 lines | Broad gauge |
| Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway | लखनऊ कानपुर उपनगरीय रेलवे لکھنؤ کان پور اپنگریی ریلوے |
Lucknow Kanpur |
2 lines | Broad gauge | |
| Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS) | హైదరాబాదు ఎం ఎం టి ఎస్ | Hyderabad | 2003 | 3 lines | Broad gauge |
| Pune Suburban Railway | पुणे उपनगरीय रेल्वे | Pune | 2 lines | Broad gauge |
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